Well, I was reading Dante's Divine Comedy the other day, and one of the annotations referred to an "Acacian heresy." Well, my Chrono senses started tingling, so I looked it up. Apparently, Acacius was one of the Patriarchs of Constantiople, and in trying to forge a compromise between those who believed Christ was purely divine and the orthodox opinion that He was also human, he got himself excommunicated. This led to a sizable schism in the Church thanks to a deacon named Photinus advising the Byzantine Emperor to go along with Acacius, although the heresy seems to have mutated into denying divine paternity for some reason. Don't ask me, I'm no religious scholar. Of course the Church gets angry and brands them heretics. Eventually the Church won, but it was the first step toward the break between Orthodox and Catholic, or so the internet tells me.
Now, I see parallels here, but they might not be very good ones. The first is the thing with Photinus and the Emperor paralleling Lynx's advice to General Viper regarding Serge and the Frozen Flame. And since the goal of this is FATE regaining control with the Flame's power and becoming a god, that would nicely go under "denying divine(Lavoid) paternity." The more tenuous connection is to Serge himself, and his role as Arbiter of the Flame. Serge was "excommunicated" from his world, and later his body, for his association with the schism between Home and Another worlds. Also, Acacius' heresy was resolved with orthodoxy winning out, and Christ being declared both divine and human. The Time Devourer is both Lavos and human, being part Schala and all.
Hopefully someone who knows a bit more about dark ages Christianity can clean this up into something concrete. And if I'm completely wrong, that's good to know as well.