I found something related to the eight character's damage.
This is the eight character's attack result, with a breakpoint on 7EAE7B, which I'm fairly certain is the damage dealt. It uses two bytes to store.
$C1/D529 8E 7B AE STX $AE7B [$7E:AE7B] A:0000 X:0000 Y:0000 D:0000 DB:7E S:06E4 P:envMxdiZC HC:0076 VC:070 00 FL:41
This is Crono's attack result, same setup.
$C1/D529 8E 7B AE STX $AE7B [$7E:AE7B] A:0000 X:0000 Y:0000 D:0000 DB:7E S:06E4 P:envMxdiZC HC:0830 VC:200 00 FL:41
$C1/DE7D 8D 7B AE STA $AE7B [$7E:AE7B] A:0010 X:0014 Y:0005 D:0000 DB:7E S:06E0 P:envmxdizc HC:0212 VC:205 00 FL:43
Crono did 16 damage that turn. Using Magus and Marle got me the same results, excluding amount of damage.
$C1/D8D7 8E 7B AE STX $AE7B [$7E:AE7B] A:0000 X:0000 Y:0004 D:0000 DB:7E S:06E8 P:envMxdiZC HC:1358 VC:126 00 FL:65495
$C1/DE7D 8D 7B AE STA $AE7B [$7E:AE7B] A:0004 X:0004 Y:0001 D:0000 DB:7E S:06E4 P:envmxdizc HC:0830 VC:098 00 FL:65497
The above were the results of a Hetake's attack. It did 4 damage.
I think if we can find out why C1DE7D isn't called, the character will do damage.