Bekker is more of a magician. And the clones aren't real fleshy clones, more like dolls, as he called them.
Also about Zeal and Chronopolis cloning, I seriously doubt it. Zeal is more of a magical empire, not very scientific. They study the soul, dreams, etc.
Chronopolis studies time, and in that research, they discovered that the human brain had to have mutated some way to get to the way that it was in such a short time. And that triggered the brain research, where they started to think that even a persons soul could be cloned as it's stored in the brain and stuff.